时变源强反演算法在烹饪油烟排放评估中的应用——基于PM2.5浓度的动态质量平衡模型

doi:10.19784/j.cnki.issn1672-0172.2026.01.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为实现对中式厨房油烟颗粒物排放的定量评估与控制,在质量平衡模型框架下,通过系统实验量化了浓度依赖的自然沉降系数,建立了可用于油烟排放评估的时变源强反演方法。研究基于质量守恒原理建立的PM_2.5动态质量平衡控制方程,考虑自然沉降与通风稀释两个过程。为准确反映高浓度烹饪环境中的沉降动力学,通过二阶段发烟—衰减实验系统测定自然沉降系数,采用滑动窗口分段拟合策略结合L-BFGS-B约束优化算法,建立了沉降系数与PM_2.5浓度的量化关系。在油烟产生率反演方面,采用有限差分法从实测的浓度时间序列反演出排放率时间序列,并进行均值化处理获得在典型烹饪工况下的源强特征。结果表明：自然沉降系数与PM_2.5浓度呈显著的对数线性相关（α_nat=max{3.98×10^-4ln(C_i)-1.50×10^-3,0}）,验证了质量平衡模型在高排放场景中的适用性。该反演得到的源强数据具有通用性,当室内体积或通风量改变时,可通过质量平衡方程直接推导不同环境下的PM_2.5浓度分布,无需重复测试。该研究结果为厨房油烟污染控制和通风系统设计提供了量化的理论依据。

关键词: PM_2.5, 油烟产生率反演, 自然沉降系数, 吸油烟机, 质量平衡模型

Abstract: To achieve quantitative assessment and control of cooking fume particle emissions in Chinese kitchens, the concentration-dependent natural deposition coefficient is quantified through systematic experiments within the framework of a mass balance model, and a time-varying source strength inversion method for cooking fume emission evaluation is established. Based on the dynamic mass balance equation for indoor PM_2.5 established from the principle of mass conservation, three parallel processes are incorporated: natural deposition, ventilation dilution, and mechanical purification. To accurately characterize the sedimentation dynamics in high-concentration cooking environments, a two-phase emission-decay experiment is conducted to systematically determine the natural deposition coefficient. A sliding window segmental fitting strategy combined with the L-BFGS-B constrained optimization algorithm is employed to establish a quantitative relationship between the deposition coefficient and PM_2.5 concentration. For source strength inversion, a finite-difference method is applied to derive the time series of emission rate from measured concentration profiles, and the results are averaged to obtain source strength characteristics under typical cooking conditions. Results demonstrate that the natural deposition coefficient exhibits a significant logarithmic-linear correlation with PM_2.5 concentration（α_nat=max{3.98×10^-4ln(C_i)-1.50×10^-3,0}）, validating the applicability of the mass balance model in high-emission scenarios. The inverted source strength data possesses universality; when indoor volume or ventilation rate differs from the experimental chamber conditions, the PM_2.5concentration distribution in different environments can be readily derived directly from the mass balance equation without requiring repetitive testing. The research results provides quantitative theoretical foundation for kitchen fume pollution control and ventilation system design.

Key words: PM_2.5, Cooking fume emission strength inversion, Deposition coefficient, Range hood, Mass balance model

中图分类号:

TM925.57

杨磊, 王莹莹, 王涛, 王继红. 时变源强反演算法在烹饪油烟排放评估中的应用——基于PM_2.5浓度的动态质量平衡模型[J]. 家电科技, 2026, 0(1): 116-122.

Yang Lei, Wang Yingying, Wang Tao, Wang Jihong. Application of time-varying source strength inversion algorithm for cooking fume emission assessment—a dynamic mass balance model based on PM_2.5 concentration[J]. Journal of Appliance Science & Technology, 2026, 0(1): 116-122.

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