Fine bubbles, as a green and environmentally friendly cleaning technology, are used to clean oil stains on the surface of textiles. The cleaning efficiency of ultrafine bubbles was evaluated based on the weight method and whiteness method, using polyester as the textile substrate and soybean oil and lubricating oil as the oil stains, which were stained with Sudan Red. The results show that compared with tap water, the cleaning efficiency of ultrafine bubble water for surface oil stains is higher. For example, for soybean oil, the removal rate of ultrafine bubble water is 29.84%, while that of tap water is only 9.21%. The main functions of ultrafine bubbles in removing surface oil stains are the fragmentation of micro-jets and adsorption. Comparing the effects of stagnant bubble water and newly generated bubble water on the removal of surface oil stains, the fragmentation micro-jet and upward movement of micron-sized bubbles are more conducive to the removal of surface oil stains than the adsorption and surface charge repulsion of ultrafine bubbles.

To address the high cost and energy consumption associated with restoring the diminished waterproof performance of traditional waterproof garments after home laundering, this study explores a novel approach for fabric water-repellent functionalization using household tumble dryers. Untreated pure nylon fabric was selected as the test specimen. By establishing a treatment system involving off-machine spraying followed by in-dryer treatment, we systematically investigated the effects of fluorine-free water-repellent agent concentration (SH-A), add-on level (o.w.f), drying duration, fabric movement pattern, and initial moisture content on the water-repellent performance of pure nylon fabric.The study found that within the home laundry context, untreated pure nylon fabric treated with a fluorine-free process (5% SH-A concentration, 1.29% o.w.f, 65°C, static drying for 20 minutes) exhibited significantly enhanced water repellency. The water spray rating improved from Grade 2.0 to Grade 4.5, and the static water contact angle reached 133.2°. Importantly, the moisture vapor transmission rate remained high at 2576±2 g/m²·d, air permeability decreased by only 1.67%, and fabric hand feel showed no significant alteration. These results demonstrate that this approach achieves excellent water-repellent functionalization suitable for household application.

In the domestic and international washing machine industry, the existing testing methods for rinsing performance have a lot of problems, such as complex operation, additional reagents, inability for directly measuring, and high-intensity testing works, etc. Based on this, A test method for rinsing performance of washing machine based on conductivity was proposed. The linear correlation between the concentration of standard solid detergent and conductivity was analyzed, and the calculation formula for rinsing rate and detergent residue was established accordingly. The accuracy, distinguishability, repeatability, reproducibility and consistency of the method were evaluated comprehensively. Results showed that there is a good linear relationship between the conductivity and the concentration of standard detergent. The conductivity method has high accuracy, good distinguishability, repeatability, reproducibility and consistency. Moreover, it can used for directly and accurately evaluating without additional reagents, with simple operation, and high reliability. Results showed that the new rinsing testing method has a good application prospect.

In view of the problem of insufficient weighing accuracy in small-tub washing machines on the current market, The weighing methods of three-phase current and energy integration are compared. Experimental models were established to analyze the relationship between load weight and current or energy loss integration. The experimental results show that the average peak value of the three-phase current model exhibits a nonlinear relationship with the load and yields relatively low accuracy, with an average prediction error of approximately 10%. In contrast, the energy integration model demonstrates a good linear relationship between the integrated energy loss and the load weight, achieving higher accuracy with an average prediction error of about 3%. Therefore, the energy integration method proves to be more effective for small-tub weighing applications. This method not only offers a simpler model and computational efficiency, but also delivers more accurate and stable weighing results. Adopting the energy integration method can thus provide precise dynamic weighing support for intelligent washing control, contributing to improved performance and reliability.

Based on a certain model of drum washing machine, the basic principle of steam generation is explained, and steam is used as the research object, and then the standard clothes are treated with steam from the experiment. By comparing the degree of changes in the wrinkles and fluff of the clothes before and after the steam treatment, at the same time, the deodorization performance of the steam is evaluated by the degree of reduction of the odor of the clothes before and after the steam treatment, and the sterilization performance of the steam is evaluated by calculating the extinction rate of microorganisms. Studies have found that after steam treatment, clothing has a significant effect on wrinkle removal and bulkiness, with a wrinkle grade difference ≥3.5 and a bulkiness ratio≥0.95. In addition, the steam also shows a very impressive effect in deodorizing and sterilizing clothes, with a sterilization rate of ≥98%, and a deodorizing effect of ≥4.6. The study analyzed the effects of steam in detail and provided an accurate and reasonable basis for steam care of clothing.

Investigates the electromagnetic noise performance of different slot-pole combinations (including 36-slot/40-pole, 36-slot/42-pole, and 36-slot/48-pole) in direct-drive outer-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) under dehydration conditions, with a particular focus on the impact of eccentricity faults on electromagnetic noise. The radial electromagnetic force waves are analyzed using the Maxwell stress tensor method and 2D Fourier decomposition. Additionally, modal analysis and modal superposition are employed to evaluate the characteristics of electromagnetic noise. The results indicate that under healthy (non-eccentric) conditions, a lower fundamental winding factor corresponds to reduced harmonic content, leading to lower electromagnetic noise and efficiency. Under eccentricity faults, the slot-pole combination with the most significant least common multiple (LCM) demonstrates the best eccentricity tolerance.

In order to improve the air volume of the range hood, reduce the noise and improve the user experience. Taking European-style, one of the most common forms of range hood, as the research object, the influence of fan intake layout on its performance is analyzed. The CFD simulation model was built, and two air inlet layouts of the main air inlet facing forward and backward in the air duct were established for research and test verification. The simulation and test results show that in the two air duct layouts, the performance of the fan with the main air inlet facing backward is better, the efficiency of the whole duct is improved by 0.8%, the air volume is improved by 0.8 m³/min, and the noise is reduced by 1.5 dB(A); and the differences in the noise and rotational speed of the two air duct layouts under the same air volume is analyzed, which provides a reference direction for the subsequent research.

In electric pressure cookers, the lid cannot be opened until the inner pot temperature decreases and the internal pressure returns to normal after cooking completion. Based on the knowledge of thermodynamics, the air-cooled heat dissipation mode of electric pressure cooker was analyzed. By CFD simulation, the existing structure of the electric pressure cooker was simulated and analyzed. The results show that the air flow intensity on the opposite side to the air inlet of the existing air-cooled heat dissipation scheme is small, which leads to the slow cooling of the inner pot and long waiting time to open the lid. Based on the above analysis results, four optimization schemes are designed and simulated. By comparison, it is found that opening holes on the opposite side to the air inlet and preventing air from flowing out from the top can effectively reduce the temperature of the inner pot and ensure good overall temperature uniformity. The average temperatures of loop 1 and loop 2 are 347 K and 343 K respectively, which are optimized by about 5.7% and 4.2% compared with 368 K and 358 K of the original scheme. This can reduce the waiting time to open the lid and achieve better user experience.

As one of the core components in the refrigerator refrigeration system, the condenser plays an important role in the energy consumption of the refrigerator. At present, there are few studies on the microchannel heat exchanger as the refrigerator condenser. Taking a refrigerator as the test target, the effects of two different condensers of the rotary fin heat exchanger and the microchannel heat exchanger on the energy consumption of the refrigerator were tested. It is verified that compared with the traditional tube-fin heat exchanger, the microchannel heat exchanger reduces the energy consumption of the refrigerator by 1.43% at 32 °C and 3.12% at 16 °C. Through the analysis of the dynamic operation data of the refrigerator, compared with the tube-fin heat exchanger, the application of the microchannel heat exchanger in the refrigerator condenser reduces the flow resistance of the refrigerant in the condenser by 82.94% on average during the operation cycle, and the operating power is reduced by 0.9% on average. Studies have shown that compared with the traditional rotary fin condenser, the microchannel condenser enhances heat transfer, reduces energy consumption, and also greatly reduces the refrigerant flow resistance. It provides a reference for the application of microchannel heat exchanger in refrigerator condenser and the optimization of structural parameters.

By comparing and analyzing the current status and development trends of energy efficiency standards for refrigerators in Gulf countries, summarizes the core requirements for energy efficiency of refrigerators in Gulf countries, compares the differences in standards between Gulf countries, and benchmarks with the European Union to analyze the energy efficiency levels of Gulf countries. Research has found that Gulf countries can be divided into two types in energy efficiency calculation: one is the calculation method represented by SASO 2892-2021 standard, and the other is the method represented by GSO 2769:2024 standard. These two methods are based on the old and current versions of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive for refrigerators. In terms of energy efficiency level, the United Arab Emirates has the highest energy efficiency requirements among Gulf countries, which is basically equivalent to the European Union.

The effect of 2 mT static magnetic field on pork storage quality under the storage condition of 4 ℃ was studied by experimental research. The experiment showed that the increase of pH value of pork was delayed with the static magnetic field, the growth of microorganisms was inhibited and the production of TVB-N and biogenic amine was reduced during storage. The static magnetic field could also slow down the degradation of pork structural protein, which could better maintain the hardness, elasticity, chewability, cohesion and recovery, and reduce texture deterioration. The degradation of free amino acids was delayed and the flavor of pork could be better maintained by the static magnetic field, However, it will slightly accelerate the water loss of pork. In conclusion, the external static magnetic field can better maintain the freshness of pork during cold storage.

In response to the issue of low accuracy in fault identification of refrigerator compressor acoustic signals, a fault diagnosis method for refrigerator acoustic signals based on the Sparrow Search Algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SSA-SVM) is proposed. Firstly, the acoustic signal data of the refrigerator compressor is denoised using wavelet transform; then, the time-domain and frequency-domain features are extracted to form feature vectors as the input for the SVM. Finally, the SSA is used to adaptively search for the key parameters of the SVM, namely the penalty factor and the free parameter, to achieve fault diagnosis of the refrigerator compressor acoustic signals. Using data collected by an artificial head conducted the study, the experimental results show that the proposed method can find the optimal parameters for the SVM, achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 97.5% for the refrigerator compressor fault acoustic signals, and it outperforms other comparison methods in terms of computational speed and stability.

At present, there is a common balance problem in the field of ice making between the quality and speed of ice making, mainly due to insufficient accuracy in wind speed regulation, deviation in de icing temperature control, and low thermal conductivity efficiency of the frame structure. However, current research mainly focuses on optimizing and improving a single parameter, which limits the improvement of ice making performance. Therefore, takes the ice making outlet wind speed, ice de icing temperature, and ice making frame structure as optimization objects. Through a combination of experimental and simulation methods, the optimal air outlet wind speed for ice making was determined to be 3.17 m/s, the optimal de icing temperature was -12 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference between ice cells was reduced by 67.6%. This achieved a technological breakthrough in shortening the ice making cycle to 60 minutes under the condition of ice making quality≥90%.

The research of smart home appliances is deeply dependent on the development of artificial intelligence technology, and the research paradigm of smart home appliances before generative large model technology such as ChatGPT is based on the technical route of "home appliance + artificial intelligence", that is, around how to improve the intelligent level of home appliance functions, which is the research paradigm of "instruction-response", but this kind of technical route based on logic and rules is not good for the user's intelligent experience, and the problem of intellectual disability is frequent. With the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as inference models represented by DeepSeek in smart home appliances, the research paradigm of AI smart home appliances has undergone fundamental changes. The research objects and domains have evolved from focusing on product functions to focusing on user life scenarios, and then from focusing on product functions to focusing on capabilities, from logic-based product functions to dynamic adaptation and learning of life scenarios, and from simple smart home appliance systems to open complex giant life systems. In view of these changes, conducts research on basic theories and technologies and typical applications, hoping to propose a new research paradigm for the intelligent transformation of the smart home appliance industry.

Under the requirements of F-gas regulations in Europe, R290 has become the preferred refrigerant for the fresh air ventilator. In order to achieve better product competitiveness, it is necessary to meet the limit of ≤150 g filling volume. A variety of optimization technical ideas are proposed. Considering the feasibility of technical implementation, focus on adopting microchannel technology to replace the originally configured 5 mm heat exchanger. The micro-channel heat exchanger is designed and simulated. Through the experimental comparative test research, the performance of the original product and the optimized product under different working conditions, it is found that the performance parameters of the optimization scheme still have space for improvement, which can meet the needs of the product. Finally, it is pointed out that the future can be further studied from the aspects of micro-channel design improvement and component optimization to improve the system performance.

The copper tube of the compressor of a washing and drying integrated machine cracked within a short period of service. Based on physical and chemical inspection methods, the fracture nature and root cause of the compressor copper tube were determined from the macroscopic shape, microscopic feature, fracture analysis, metallographic analysis, hardness, and material composition of the fracture surface. The results indicate that the fracture of the copper tube belongs to fatigue fracture, and the crack source is located on the inner side of the copper tube. The vibration of the compressor causes the copper tube to experience alternating torsional force, resulting in plastic deformation inside the copper tube. Some severely deformed areas crack, and fatigue cracks propagate outward along the defects on the inside of the pipeline until they penetrate the wall thickness of the pipeline.

The study of the economical high corrosion resistance prepainted steel sheet for home appliances included the corrosion mechanism of hydrogen peroxide on the prepainted steel sheet, the corrosion resistance of hydrogen peroxide, acid, alkali, neutral salt spray, humidity and heat, the surface microscopic state and so on. The research showed that hydrogen peroxide preferentially corroded along the evaporation channels of the coating solvent in prepainted steel sheet. Compared with PE, HDP and PVDF, the economical high corrosion resistance prepainted steel sheet had a better resistance of hydrogen peroxide, more balanced resistance of acid and alkali, and the resistance of neutral salt spray, humidity and heat was closest to PVDF. The micro-state surface of the economical high corrosion resistance prepainted steel sheet was more delicate and uniform than PE.

In the refrigeration and air-conditioning sector, R32 refrigerant is regarded as an alternative environmentally friendly refrigerant due to its excellent thermal properties and environmental performance, and has garnered increasing attention and application. Based on experiments, the operating conditions of household dehumidifier employing R32 refrigerant under various parameter circumstances were investigated and analyzed. The findings indicate that an appropriate refrigerant charging amount, capillary flow rate, and fan speed are more conducive to enhancing the dehumidification capacity and EF value of the dehumidifier; moreover, a mathematical regression model was established to correlate the EF value with the refrigerant charging amount, capillary flow rate, and fan speed, and in combination with variance analysis, it was suggested that the capillary flow rate is the most significant factor influencing the EF value. Relevant research workwill help provide reference and valuable guidance for the optimized design of household dehumidifiers in the future.

In order to improve the door opening experience of the double-axis hinged embedded refrigerator, a push-rod accelerated automatic door-opening actuator was designed based on the characteristics of the door-opening resistance of the refrigerator. The actuator is driven by high speed micro motor. And the actuator adopts a combination transmission of cylindrical gear and non-circular gear to achieve the design requirements of small size and large starting thrust. By utilizing the characteristics of non-circular gear variable speed transmission, the door is accelerated to obtain a larger moment of inertia, which can be adapted to both single-axis hinged refrigerators and double-axis hinged embedded refrigerators. The actuator and its components have high reliability, and have passed 100000 door opening-closing cycle tests. The actuator has few parts, and most of the key structural components are injection molded. The actuator is conducive to the promotion and popularization of automatic door opening technology for refrigerators, with low cost, simple assembly, strong manufacturability.

Proximity range hoods have gained well promotion in recent years due to their close distance from exhaust port of the range hood to the cooking stoves and good smoke extraction performance. However, constrained by the morphology of proximity range hoods, the elongated distance between the front end and the fan leads to high flow resistance and high noise. In order to solve the problem of high noise caused by the long airflow path of the proximity range hoods, simulation and experimental methods were used to study the key dimensions of the front cavity depth and the guide plate position of the proximity range hoods. The study results show that reducing the cavity depth reduces the turbulence and pressure fluctuations in the hood, optimizing the flow velocity and pressure distribution and results in a noise reduction of 1.83 dB(A) by decreasing the cavity depth. Additionally, lowering the position of the guide plate reduces the distribution of high-velocity regions within the cavity and decreases the turbulent energy of the airflow, leading to a further noise reduction of 0.53 dB(A). The simulation and experimental results show that optimizing the depth of the cavity and the position of the guide plate can effectively reduce the noise level of the range hood. This study provides useful reference for the further researches and development of proximity range hoods.

In the field of household air conditioning, the number of DC-INV compressors has increased. The anatomic results of 1700 DC-INV compressors showed that 17% of them were bad demagnetization. In the case of demagnetization, 75% is accompanied by a deformation of the insulating material of the motor, which is called "high temperature demagnetization". In order to analyze the problem of "high temperature demagnetization", the phenomenon of demagnetization of high temperature demagnetization and failure of compressor is studied. Simulation, air conditioning experiments, market visits and anatomical results point to the main cause of "high temperature demagnetization". Finally, the author puts forward some measures to prevent the high temperature demagnetization of the DC-INV compressor.