The photovoltaic system design and application of the "Photovoltaic, Energy storage, Direct current and Flexibility" system in the "Photovoltaic Future House·DC community" building are carried out. Firstly, the key problems such as the dynamic characteristics of photovoltaic power generation are studied, and then the output model of photovoltaic power generation unit is established. Combined with the resource endowment of Zhuhai, the optimal inclination angle, array spacing and string design of photovoltaic were carried out, and the actual photovoltaic power generation efficiency was analyzed by shadow occlusion simulation. Finally, the "Photovoltaic Future House·DC community" and 21# office were used as case studies to verify the power generation effect of photovoltaic system. The results show that: in the community scenario, photovoltaic power supply configured on the roof can support the power consumption of a two-story building on the roof, and the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage system can cooperate with the consumption of photovoltaic power generation, and the cleanliness rate of office DC electrical appliances can be significantly improved.

In the context of global energy transition, renewable energy has been vigorously developed due to its significant advantages of cleanliness and sustainability. However, its power generation is constrained by natural conditions. To solve this problem, compressed air energy storage technology has emerged as the core means to solve the problem of renewable energy consumption with its unique energy storage characteristics, flexible system configuration, and wide applicability. This article comprehensively introduces the storage facilities, working principles, and application status of compressed air energy storage, with a focus on analyzing the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of supplementary combustion, adiabatic, thermal storage, isothermal, liquid, and supercritical compressed air energy storage technologies. By reviewing domestic and foreign demonstration projects, the development trend and coupling application with renewable energy, which of CAES technology are explored providing theoretical guidance for the design of compressed air energy storage systems in the future.

As one of the load equipment with the most flexible power regulation potential in PEDF systems, the power regulation and operation strategy have changed essentially after the air conditioner is equipped with the flexible regulation capability, in order to explore the operation characteristics of DC flexible air conditioner for power adaptive regulation under different conditions with changing voltage. Carried out the start-stop test, variable voltage test and temperature rise-fall test of DC flexible air conditioner. Compared and analyzed the effects of different operation conditions and parameters on the power regulation and operation performance of DC flexible air conditioner. The results show that: with the reduction of the input DC voltage, the regulation time of DC flexible air conditioner is gradually shortened from the start-up point to the power and air volume stabilization. When the input voltage is 340 V, the operating power of DC flexible air conditioner can be reduced to 71.37% of the power at rated voltage, and when the voltage is 315 V, the operating power can be reduced to 33.88% of the power at rated voltage. Compared with the changing of indoor temperature,, the voltage regulation has a more significant effect on the speed of change of the DC flexible air conditioner operating power, but the degree of influence of the two on the amount of air conditioner operating power regulation is relatively similar.

The dual-high and dual-random characteristics of the new power system, combined with the increasingly prominent peak load demand for electricity, have presented significant challenges to the real-time supply-demand balance, safe and stable operation of the power system, and the consumption of renewable energy. A phased evaluation method is proposed for assessing the adjustable capacity of public buildings in order to address the complex and variable factors associated with numerous public buildings. The first-level evaluation rapidly screens buildings with adjustable potential through benchmarking of energy consumption indicators, providing an initial basis for the construction of the demand response system. The second-level evaluation integrates major factors analysis and data-driven modeling methods to quantitatively assess the adjustable capacity of air conditioning systems under different conditions, meeting requirements of the invitation and declaration stages of the demand response. The third-level evaluation combines model-driven and data-driven approaches to precisely and dynamically evaluate the adjustable capacity of air conditioning systems, applicable to the execution and effect evaluation stages. The evaluation method has already been applied to 1212 buildings in the energy consumption monitoring platform for public buildings in Shenzhen, confirming its effectiveness and providing a scientifically viable reference for the demand response business of public buildings.

In the context of global response to climate change and China's promotion of the "double carbon" goal, the light storage direct flexible building has become a key path for building energy change. DC air conditioner, as an important component of the end-end equipment of the optical storage and direct-soft building, has an unclear coupling relationship between its flexible regulation capability and thermal comfort. In this paper, based on the active response (APR) flexible regulation mechanism of DC air conditioners, we investigate the correlation between DC air conditioners' flexible capability and thermal comfort by building a thermal comfort testing experimental bench and carrying out six sets of experiments in the voltage range of 315 V~375 V. The experiments show that DC air conditioners at different voltages can achieve thermal comfort goals, and the greater the degree of flexibility, the less the total power consumption, but the comfort of the time to reach the standard is prolonged; the degree of flexibility of power consumption and service quality is non-linear negative correlation, the greater the flexibility, the more significant the decline in service quality, of which the 315 V experimental group has the largest decline in service quality, the ΔSQ average value of 12.984%. The study confirms that reducing the voltage can save energy through flexible regulation, but the relationship between energy saving and comfort needs to be weighed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of DC air conditioning in the optical storage direct flexibility system, and the coupling relationship between DC appliance power flexibility and service capability will be improved through more experiments.

Under the background of green and low-carbon transformation in the home appliance industry, the development and application of phase-change cold storage materials (PCCSMs) have become the research hotspot for energy conservation and carbon reduction in refrigeration appliances. Based on the current research status of PCCSMs in refrigeration appliances, the development and application categories of PCCSMs are reviewed, and the key challenges in their practical use such as high supercooling, phase separation, poor cycling stability and low thermal conductivity are analyzed, along with the performance improvement methods. In addition, the current application status is summarized and the future technological trends for PCCSMs are outlined, providing critical technical insights for the application and promotion of PCCSMs in refrigeration appliances.

For the square-like washing area in dishwashers, the circular covering formed by the general sprays will cause the insufficient washing at the four corners, so the subject of spray coverage performance is put forward. Based on the principle of spatial separation of TRIZ theory, the corner spray can form supplementary washing coverage to the corners of the square area. Through the derivation of the calculation formula of the increased coverage rate, the curve of the increased coverage rate changing with the wing length ratio of corner spray is studied and analyzed, and the optimal range of the span length ratio is obtained. Then, different designs of single and multiple corner spray were analyzed with the benefit of unit water consumption. Finally, the four-wing sprays in two rear corners of the square area was determined, and the washing coverage test and the standard cleaning test were carried out. The experimental results show that the washing coverage performance was improved while it can hold the effect of strengthening washing, so the cleaning performance of corner spray was expanded and improved.

Air conditioning products are susceptible to drop impacts during transportation, and their protective design is critical to ensuring structural integrity. Focusing on a 1.5 P household air conditioning outdoor unit, this study investigates the housing damage mechanism under edge drop conditions through a combination of experimental and finite element simulation methods, revealing the stress distribution patterns in the outdoor unit during impact. Two foam buffer optimization schemes are proposed: Scheme 1 enhances the foam support strength in the compressor area, and Scheme 2 modifies the aperture shape to alter the structural characteristics of the foam. Simulation results indicate that both optimized schemes reduce the maximum equivalent stress on the bottom plate by 10.35% and 13.74%, respectively, validating the effectiveness of localized foam structural improvements in dissipating impact energy. This work provides insights for low-cost buffer design strategies.

The Ministry of Health's "Hygiene Safety and Functional Evaluation Specifications for Drinking Water Quality Treatment Equipment-Reverse Osmosis Treatment Devices" involves two trichloromethane indicators: one requires the output water quality to be ≤15 μg/L, and the other requires the removal efficiency of volatile organic compounds (trichloromethane) to be ≥95% (with a spiked concentration of 300 ppb). The national drinking water hygiene standard GB 5749 specifies that the trichloromethane concentration in drinking water should not exceed 60 ppb. The concentration of trichloromethane in tap water affects the final removal efficiency of the water purifier; simultaneously, the three filter elements-pre-treated activated carbon, RO membrane filter, and post-treated activated carbon-in a reverse osmosis water purifier have different adsorption effects on trichloromethane, which are directly related to the concentration of trichloromethane in tap water. After testing and verification, it was concluded that when the trichloromethane concentration in tap water is ≤30 ppb, the RO membrane filter has no significant removal effect on trichloromethane, and the overall adsorption of trichloromethane by the water purifier primarily relies on the combined action of pre-treated activated carbon and post-treated activated carbon. When the trichloromethane concentration in tap water exceeds 30 ppb, the removal is mainly dependent on post-treated activated carbon. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon for trichloromethane can be estimated at 0.05% (mass ratio).

The vibration characteristics of the caster-dehumidifier system with ground friction constraints are strongly correlated with its translational rigid body modes. The influence of casters on rigid body modes was investigated by simulations of the entire dehumidifier system, which was modelled with a rigid-flexible coupling method and verified by experimental results. It was shown that the natural frequency of the rigid body mode is influenced by dimensions, material, structural configuration, and ground friction of the caster. Note that alterations of the caster orientation influence the rigid body natural frequency due to the change of friction characteristics. In the most unfavorable orientation, the rigid body natural freed on the investigations, the practical caster systems were selected according to the simulatquency approached the compressor excitation frequency, resulting in maximum water tank vibration. Based dynamic responses. As a result, the water tank vibration fluctuation was reduced by 55% on the condition that the internal vibration control standards are satisfied.

Due to the structural differences between the in-sink dishwasher and the traditional vertical and cabinet-type dishwashers, the noise distribution and transmission paths of the in-sink dishwasher are different. By using the sound intensity method to locate and analyze the noise sources of the in-sink dishwasher, the noise sources and the noise contribution amounts at different positions can be accurately determined. Through the detection by the sound intensity method, it is found that the part of the door of the in-sink dishwasher directly impacted by the water flow is the main contributor to the overall noise of the dishwasher. Such accurate positioning provides a simple and efficient way to reduce the operating noise of the whole machine, enabling more targeted implementation of improvement measures. The noise control methods are flexibly adjusted according to different types of noise. The operation of the in-sink dishwasher generates various types of noise, including mechanical noise, water flow impact noise, etc. Different types of sound-absorbing and damping materials are applied to the door of the dishwasher for testing. Experiments show that in the comparative experiment of the three noise control solutions, the constrained damping solution shows the most prominent noise reduction effect, reducing noise by 3.1 dB(A) ; the sound-absorbing cotton solution comes next, with a noise reduction of 2.0 dB(A) ; the damping paste solution has a relatively weaker effect, reducing noise by only 1.6 dB(A) . From the data comparison, it can be seen that the constrained damping material has a remarkable effect in suppressing the noise generated by the vibration of the dishwasher door due to the impact of the water flow. Through effective analysis of noise sources combined with experimental verification, systematically investigates the noise reduction mechanism and practical application effects of constrained damping materials. The research provides theoretical foundations and practical references for similar applications.

In response to the issue of excessive low-frequency noise in a certain clothes dryer, this study focuses on a dynamic vibration absorption-based noise reduction solution. Noise source separation and localization were performed using a digital artificial head measurement system. Vibration analysis of the fixed-frequency motor via a vibration testing system identified it as the excitation source of the low-frequency noise. A dynamic vibration absorber was designed based on vibration absorption theory. Experimental results demonstrate that after installing the absorber on the motor's cantilever end: motor vibration velocity decreased by 69.14%, 100 Hz low-frequency noise reduced by 10.3 dB(A), overall noise level dropped by 2.7 dB(A).The solution significantly improves silent operation performance for end-users and provides a novel reference for noise reduction in the clothes dryer industry.

The stiffness of a multi-link hinge is a critical factor influencing its performance. Simplify the entity multi-link hinge into rods, and then optimize its motion trajectory using a multi parameter objective function based on the motion relationship between the rods. Design the entity multi-link hinge according to the optimized optimal trajectory. Then, using structural dimension optimization software, the dimensions of the entity components of the multi-link were optimized, thereby enhancing the overall stiffness of the multi-link hinge. Through analysis of the motion trajectory and structural dimensions of multi-link hinges, the influence of various factors on their stiffness and the optimal structural form were obtained, providing theoretical guidance for the practical application of multi-link hinges to a certain extent.

At the user end of high-rise residential buildings, the range hood is usually connected to the public flue check valve through the exhaust pipe and then to the public flue. Therefore, a pipe network is formed at its rear end and exhaust resistance is created. At the user end, the quality of the smoke extraction effect is not only related to the performance of the range hood. but also closely related to the back-end pipe network resistance. Aiming at the problem of exhaust resistance at the rear end of range hood in high-rise residential buildings, the experimental platform of the public flue in high-rise residential buildings was set up, and the exhaust resistance at the rear end of the smoke hood was studied by qualitative to quantitative method. The results show that the type of check valve has a great influence on the pipe resistance of the rear end of the range hood, and the resistance variation rule is different in different application scenarios. The resistance of the single disc check valve is relatively large, and the resistance of the high and low layers is basically no difference. Under extremely harsh working conditions, the effective air volume of the high-grade smoker is only 8.43 m³/min, which is difficult to achieve a good smoking effect. Finned check valve resistance is smaller, its one-way infusion effect, can effectively narrow the exhaust resistance between the high and low layers, in extremely harsh conditions, the lowest layer of high-grade effective air volume of more than 12 m³/min, the highest up to more than 13 m³/min, and are reverse higher than the ideal state of the non-valve piece, the effective air volume increased by 7.9%, 8.87%, respectively. Therefore, finned check valves are more suitable for high-rise residential applications. This study provides a reference for the selection and optimization of public flue non-return valve types for high-rise residential buildings.

In the context of energy efficiency upgrading in Europe, the home appliance industry tends to conduct research on efficient technologies for refrigerator compressors of which reducing the ineffective suction superheat is an important way to develop efficient technology for refrigerator compressors. Based on the method of suction heat insulation to reduce the superheat directly and exhaust heat insulation to reduce the heat source inside the shell, the relationship between suction and exhaust temperature and performance was studied theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the surface of the suction silencer is coated with 1mm thick porous silicon and the exhaust silencer is separated from the rack. The suction superheat is reduced by 3 ℃ on average, and the COP is increased by 1%. The specific theoretical and experimental data are provided for the research direction of the influence of inspiratory overheating on performance.

In response to the demand for efficient and accurate indoor thermal environment simulations in air conditioning system design, a numerical simulation software based on the Fluent platform was developed. Efficiency limitations in current methods for handling customized outlet zoning and boundary condition settings for diverse air conditioning units were identified as barriers to the rapid development of new models. To address these challenges, a loosely coupled algorithm was proposed and integrated within the Fluent platform to enable the fast simulation of custom models within an environmental chamber. A custom air conditioning grid model and outlet zoning tool were created to allow efficient setup of boundary conditions for each zone. Experimental results demonstrated significant improvements in simulation speed without compromising accuracy, effectively supporting the early-stage design and optimization of new air conditioning units. The developed software is shown to be valuable in reducing development cycles and enhancing simulation efficiency.

Comparing with SUS304, the corrosion resistance, formability and food contact safety performance of high-chromium ferritic stainless steel TJ21 of household appliances were studied. Research shows that the planar corrosion resistance and chloride ion resistance of TJ21 are better than those of SUS304. Relative to SUS304, TJ21 exhibits slightly lower press formability, superior cuttability, and comparable weldability. In terms of food contact safety performance, the migration amount of heavy metal ions is lower than that of SUS304. In the field of household applications, high-chromium ferritic stainless steel TJ21 is a more ideal substitute for austenitic stainless steel SUS304.

According to the installation position of a certain type of air conditioner in the room, a numerical simulation model is established. Based on the CFDFluent software platform, the UDF program field of the estimated average thermal sensory index (PMV) field and the blowing sensitivity index (DR) field was calculated. By experimentally summarizing the relationship between the average radiation temperature ($\overline{t_{r}}$) and the air temperature (t_a) , the simulation accuracy of PMV can be further improved. For the PMV field and DR field with typical cross-sections obtained according to the simulation, the optimal control strategy of air conditioning can be quickly formulated.

Impeller is the key component of the double-inlet centrifugal fan which is widely used in range hoods. Recently, research on the impeller mainly focuses on parameters such as the inlet and outlet angles of the blades, outer diameter and thickness. There are relatively few research content focused on the influence of air intake method on performance of fans. In order to study the effect of air intake method on the performance of range hoods, simulation and experimental studies were conducted on two types of fans with mixed and separate air intake method. The study results show that mixed intake method increases pressure fluctuations and airflow disturbances in the fan and causes unstable flow. Separate intake method has lower noise and higher maximum static pressure. This study provides reference for future research and development of double-inlet centrifugal fans.

In recent years, aluminum has gained widespread attention as a substitute material for copper. Compared with copper tubes, the physical properties and wall thickness of aluminum tubes are inconsistent. The existing manufacturing process for copper fin-tube heat exchangers cannot be directly reused, and the manufacturing process needs to be optimized to meet the application requirements. Through theoretical analysis and experimental research comparison, analyzed the influence of different tube expansion processes on the heat transfer performance of aluminum round fin-tube heat exchangers. By optimizing the design of the expansion balls and adding an oiling process, experimental comparisons show that for the φ7 mm aluminum round tube finned heat exchanger, the heat exchange capacity is increased by approximately 2.2%; for the φ9.52 mm aluminum round tube finned heat exchanger, the heat exchange performance is enhanced by about 3.3%.

When the household air-conditioner is running in the high humidity environment in summer, the condensation and dripping of the wind deflector occurs, which causes significant inconvenience to the user. In order to quantify the evaluation method of wind deflector condensation, proposes a wind deflector condensation simulation method based on dehumidification model, and carries out the wind deflector condensation prediction analysis of a certain model of home empty hang-up machine. The results show that the condensation simulation method used can predict the condensation location well, and the condensation dripping risk at the bottom of the guide plate can be greatly improved by optimizing the contour line at the bottom of the large guide plate and matching the design with the air duct contour line.