Standards are the technical foundation for economic activities and social development, and an important aspect of the country's basic system, playing a pivotal role in the process of high-quality industrial development. In the rapidly developing household electrical appliance industry in China, standardization work has always been at the forefront of the market, playing a significant leading role. Review the definition, classification, development history, current status, and development recommendations of household electrical appliance standardization, with the aim to providing a reference for the sustainable development of the household electrical appliance industry.

On September 7, 2023, two national standards for household Direct current (DC) plugs and sockets were approved and released by State Administration for Market Regulation (Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China), namely GB/T 42710.1—2023 "Direct current (DC) plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes—Part 1: General requirements" and GB/T 42710.2—2023 "Direct current (DC) plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes—Part 2: Types and dimensions". This series of standards specifies the technical requirements and types and dimensions of DC plugs and sockets for household and similar purposes, and describes the corresponding test methods. As the first national standards for DC plugs and sockets for household and similar applications in China, this series of standards will be conducive to the standardized development of DC plugs and sockets. Briefly describe the overall process of standard development, and focus on providing the key technical content and important indicators of standard development, assist in the interconnection and interconnection between "Photovoltaic, Energy storage, Direct current and Flexibility, PEDF" buildings and DC household appliances, and effectively promote China's DC buildings and DC household appliances from experimental demonstration stages to large-scale promotion and application stages.

Extract 27 household mite removal devices of different prices and types from the market, investigate the basic parameters and characteristics of mite removal devices, test the power, noise, soft surface dust removal performance, mite removal performance, and sterilization performance of mite removal devices, analyze the influencing factors and correlations of mite removal device performance, prevent non compliant situations in the mite removal device industry, ensure the safety and reliability of mite removal devices, and provide reference and guidance for households to purchase mite removal devices. After testing, the noise of all 27 prototypes meets the requirements, and the noise has a significant positive correlation with the measured power (r_s=0.642**,P=<0.001). The larger the measured power, the greater the noise of the prototype. In the soft surface dust removal test, only 6 machines had a dust removal rate exceeding 90%, accounting for 22.22% of all prototypes. In the mite removal performance test, two prototypes were below the limit value. The mite removal ability and dust removal ability of the prototypes were significantly correlated (r_s=0.480*,P=0.011), and there was a low positive correlation between mite removal ability and dust removal ability. In the sterilization performance test, the qualified rate of the prototype's sterilization effect is 88.9%. Escherichia coli is easier to remove compared to Staphylococcus aureus, and the removal effect is better. According to the spot check results, the sample quality of the mite removal instrument industry is basically at a good level, but there are still unqualified products. The production enterprises of unqualified products should strengthen their sense of responsibility and improve product quality according to standard requirements.

In the context of global manufacturing upgrading, intelligent manufacturing in China's home appliance manufacturing industry continues to be constructed. Industrial interconnection is the core means of transformation in the home appliance manufacturing industry, and the construction of industrial network security guarantee system is an important support for transformation. The home appliance manufacturing industry is facing various risks such as inadequate network security construction, management, and operation systems, as well as inadequate network security technology identification, protection, detection, and response guarantees. These risks include network security issues such as data leakage, ransomware, network attacks, and network paralysis. Evaluates the current problems in the home appliance manufacturing industry based on the "one center, three protection" system of the Equal protection 2.0 standard , and explores the comprehensive construction of a system for safety protection, safety management, and safety application, as well as its system construction and application, to ensure the safety of home appliance production and manufacturing.

The cooperation between the fan and the rack determines the performance level of the range hood, in order to study the application of the standardization of the fan platform, the rack size of the range hood, the fan mounting position, and the different appearance patterns were analyzed through simulation and experimentation, and the rack size and mounting position adapted to the fan were obtained, and a combined design scheme of the fan rack was formed, which improves the flow efficiency inside the rack and balances the front and rear air intake uniformity of the fan, thereby reducing the required rotational speed at the same air flow, and improves the overall noise. Compared to the original rack assembly, the noise reduction for the same airflow is more than 2 dB(A) in both appearance patterns.

As the core component of air conditioner, electronic control plays a key role in the realization of air conditioning function. There are various mechanical stresses in the process of air conditioning production, transportation and installation, which affect the reliability of product electronic control. By resistance strain measurement, the force of PCBA in the electric control box is quantitatively analyzed. And analyze the strain distribution of different products under different treading scenarios, the results showed that after the product was externally stimulated, the length of the top cover, the distance from the surface of the electric control box to the top cover and the shape of the support rib are the key factors that affect the strain of PCBA.

In order to improve testing accuracy, uncertainty needs to be evaluated when testing the thermal efficiency of electromagnetic stoves. The system analyzed the influencing factors of the thermal efficiency testing of electromagnetic stove products, mainly including the measurement of water quality and temperature. The main index of the load pot and the reasons that affect the testing accuracy were analyzed, and measures to improve the testing accuracy were proposed. Evaluate the measurement uncertainty of electromagnetic stove thermal efficiency using GUM method and MCM method respectively. The GUM method evaluation result is: the thermal efficiency measurement result of the electromagnetic stove is 86.93%, and the symmetric inclusion interval under a 95% inclusion probability is [86.65%, 87.21%]; The adaptive MCM method calculates that the thermal efficiency measurement result is 86.93%, and the symmetric inclusion interval at a 95% inclusion probability is [86.65%, 87.21%]. The results obtained by the two methods were compared and verified, and the results obtained by the two methods are basically consistent. Compared with the GUM method, the MCM method has a simpler process for evaluating uncertainty, greatly reducing the computational workload.

Smart life is different from intelligent items, intelligent scenes, intelligent homes and other products, it is a complex system jointly constructed by people, machines, things, and the environment, and the people, machines, things, and environment that constitute the smart life system are also complex subsystems. Therefore, the technology route of smart life needs to be studied with complex systems theory. In Qian Xue sen system engineering ism, in 1992, Qian Xuesen put forward the methodology of dealing with complex systems, which is "human-machine combination, human-oriented, hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering from qualitative to quantitative", and pointed out that the main body of solving problems: expert system (human), machine system (machine), and knowledge system (knowledge). Based on the tripartitic intelligent life system composed of people, machines and things, gives the system composition and interaction space of people, machines and environment. By taking knowledge as the main link and key factor connecting people, machines and environment, Qian Xuesen hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering is constructed, and the theoretical system of intelligent life based on the complex system theory of human body is improved. Focusing on the typical application scenarios of smart life, studies the open complex giant system of people, machines, objects and environment, and gives the smart life system model and typical application based on Qian Xuesen system engineering ism, and provides a new idea and method for smart life to quickly enter the homes of ordinary people, and promotes the development of smart life industry, and helps people realize a better life as soon as possible.

The aging of the population has spawned the demand for the aging appliances. Among them, the washing machine as an indispensable high-frequency interactive appliance set in contemporary family life has great aging design potential. However, the current related research emphasizes the functional design of the old laundry machine, and the emotional needs of the elderly are not deeply exposed. Based on the above problems, first of all, an emotional-oriented analysis of the elderly, clarifying the physiological, psychological characteristics and risks of the elderly, the pain points and emotional orientation of the laundry behavior, and the emotional needs under the influence of the social environment. Secondly, establish an emotional demand model for users of old washing machines from the three levels of instinct, behavior, and reflection. Finally, the model was converted into a implementable design language and developed case development, which verified the realization of research, and provided theoretical and practical reference for relevant aging design and research.

In order to further study the energy saving and efficiency improvement of refrigeration systems, the progress of research on waste heat recovery in refrigerator refrigeration systems in recent years was investigated. The economic feasibility and feasibility of different waste heat recovery methods for refrigerator waste heat recovery were comprehensively analyzed. The feasibility of using semiconductor thermoelectric power generation (TEG) technology for waste heat power generation was specifically studied. Through system design, theoretical calculation, and experimental verification, it was found that waste heat recovery can be achieved by using semiconductor waste heat power generation. The experimental results showed that the target maximum power generation of 1.51 W can be achieved under the Pull Down (PD) condition; and the outlet temperature of the condenser can be effectively reduced to within 45 ℃, with a decrease of 36 ℃~39 ℃ under the PD mode and a decrease of 18 ℃~19 ℃ under the energy consumption mode, which improves the system subcooling degree. However, due to the modification of the prototype, there is an increase in thermal load, resulting in an overall improvement in energy efficiency. Under PD mode, the power increased by 5.6%~17%, and under energy consumption mode, the power increased by 13%~19%. TEG technology, as a waste heat recovery technology with great potential, was explored through experimental research on its feasibility coupled with refrigerator refrigeration systems. With the rapid development of thermoelectric power generation materials and related technologies, continuous research is needed on system design matching, heat exchanger-power generation module heat transfer optimization, and electricity storage and conversion, which has important reference significance for achieving energy-saving and efficiency-improvement of waste heat recovery in refrigerators or other refrigeration systems.

The dual tank single tube water heater has the advantages of small volume and low cost due to its unique dual tank structure. However, due to the fact that the heating tube only exists in the lower tank, there is a temperature difference between the upper and lower tanks during heating. The stability and efficiency of the outlet water temperature have become a hot topic in the research of dual tank single tube water heaters. To study the temperature conduction problem of a dual tank water heater during single pipe heating, simulates the heating situation of the water heater under different connecting pipe diameters and lengths. The temperature field changes at the middle section of the dual tank are studied, and the variation law of the temperature difference between the upper and lower tanks is analyzed, providing guidance for improving the structure of the dual tank single pipe water heater.

The integrated steaming and baking stove has an air frying cooking function, but the baking speed is slow and difficult to meet user needs. In order to improve the frying rate of air frying function, French fries were used as representative frying ingredients. By analyzing the effects of baking temperature, wind speed, air outlet area, humidity, and baking position on the weight loss rate of French fries, the research on the improvement of air-frying rate of integrated steaming and baking stoves was carried out. The experimental results showed that the weight loss rate of French fries was increased by 30% (second layer) and 52% (third layer) respectively after structural optimization (baking net and air outlet area), when baking for 25 minutes at a temperature of 200 ℃ and a speed of 2000 r/min. Opening the dehumidification system at high temperatures has no significant effect on the frying rate of French fries. However, by raising the baking temperature, increasing the motor speed and the outlet area of the hot air deflector, and using a baking net to fry French fries, the frying rate of French fries can be significantly improved.

The suction side of low-pressure scroll compressor introduces low-temperature lubricating oil into the compression process, which can seal the radial and axial gaps during the compression process.This is beneficial for improving energy efficiency. In order to design the suction oil structure and study its influence, the design method of suction oil hole position and oil supply quantity was studied using compression simulation and oil supply simulation. The influence of suction oil on radial and axial clearance leakage was analyzed. The results showed that the suction with oil structure can effectively achieve function, reducing the leakage speed of axial and radial gaps, and increasing the cooling capacity. Through whole machine testing, it was found that the oil discharge increased by about 0.48%, the cooling capacity increased by about 1%, and the average energy efficiency increased by about 0.58% under performance condition, respectively. This verified the effectiveness of the established simulation analysis method, and provide guidance for the optimization design of the suction in the scroll compressor.

The stability, heat transfer efficiency and photothermal conversion efficiency optimization studies of solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) applied to water heaters were reviewed. Suggestions and prospects were proposed. The study shows that domestic and foreign research on the application of phase change materials in water heaters focuses on the improvement of the performance of thermal storage materials (thermal storage capacity, thermal conductivity, stability) and the application of the effect and efficiency enhancement, and the location of the material application is mostly found in the water tank, storage or collector of the water heater system, and the filler materials are mostly paraffin wax. The addition of solid-liquid phase change materials can significantly improve the performance of water heaters, shorten the heating time, and improve energy efficiency. However, as the application research rarely includes the application cost in the evaluation system, it is still necessary to further combine the application scenarios and economics of phase change materials to carry out a comprehensive multi-objective evaluation study, so as to promote the application and popularization of new materials in water heaters.

In order to solve the problems of drainage difficulties and upwelling of water in a certain food waste processor, Fluent software was used to numerically simulate the fluid flow characteristics in the cavity of the food waste processor, focusing on optimizing the distance between volute water intake and cutter head, diffusion port and impeller structure. The simulation results show that after the distance between volute inlet and cutter head is 20 mm, and the shape of impeller is optimized, the fluid pressure distribution in the cavity is more uniform, the pressure at the top of the cavity becomes negative, the flow pattern becomes better, and the volute diffusion port is changed to tangential to the cavity, the mass flow rate is increased by 54.8%, and the return area is greatly reduced. Finally, practical tests are conducted for the optimized structure. The mixture of residue and water is discharged smoothly, and the test results show that the optimized structure can improve the long fiber processing performance of food waste disposal.

The frost formation of outdoor heat exchanger is one of the important factors affecting the efficient operation of heat pump type air conditioner. The frost formation process of finned tube heat exchanger involved is affected by the structure and operating condition of heat exchanger, and there are obvious differences, which bring difficulties to the design of heat exchanger and system operation control. Based on the hypothesis of microsegment parameter averaging and distributed parameter method, the dynamic change of frost physical properties of finned heat exchangers under three frosting conditions were analyzed by using the frosting experiment results, and the influence of heat exchanger structure on frost physical properties were studied by comparing the data in the public literature. The results show that the variation trends of frost density, thickness and thermal conductivity are consistent with the theoretical prediction trend. The ratio of thermal conductivity to thickness approaches each other in the late frosting period, reaching about 300 W/(m²·K), indicating that the correlation between frost physical properties and heat exchanger structure and working conditions is weakened. The above results can provide a simplified method for frost prediction and operation control of finned tube heat exchangers.

In order to improve the simulation accuracy of air conditioner and enable simulation to be widely applied in product development. Take the bottom plate of outdoor air conditioning units as the research object and analyzes the applicability of four common spot welding simulation units. Firstly, conduct free mode testing on the physical object to measure the natural frequencies of each order. Secondly, four types of spot welding FEM are established at the actual spot welding positions, and free mode simulations are performed to calculate the natural frequencies of each order. Finally, based on experimental testing, compare the error results of four simulation units. The results show that the ACM unit was used to simulate the bottom plate welding which got the highest accuracy, the average error of the first five orders of the mode is 1.09%, the average error of the first 5 modes simulated by RBE2 unit is 2.55%. the average error of the first 5 modes simulated by Beam element is 3.78%, the average error of the first 5 modes simulated by CWELD unit is 1.48%, the research results can provide reference for the application of welding constraints in simulation.

The ground source heat pump tube heat exchangers require high corrosion resistance and wear resistance for their internal pipelines. Studied the corrosion rate of T2 copper tubes and B10 copper-nickel alloy tubes in a mixed solution of 0.0598 mol/L NaCl and 0.1 mol/ L NaHSO₃ primarily, analyzed the corrosion behavior and resistance of the two alloy tubes, and comprehensively considered the mechanical properties, processing technology, and material cost of both alloys in order to optimize material selection. The results indicate that in a 3.5% NaCl and 0.1 mol/ L NaHSO₃ solution, T2 copper tubes mainly experience uniform corrosion with a maximum depth of approximately 0.121 mm, while B10 copper-nickel alloy surfaces exhibit slight corrosion with local pitting pits and a maximum depth of 0.041 mm, thus demonstrating significantly better corrosion resistance than copper tubes. The tensile strength and hardness of B10 copper-nickel alloy are measured at 450 MPa and 140 HV respectively, indicating superior mechanical properties compared to copper. Taking into account corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, processing technology, and material cost considerations lead to the conclusion that B10 copper-nickel alloy is more suitable for use as pipe inside heat exchangers for ground source heat pumps.

The critical speed of the rotating system of the drum washing machine under different working conditions is studied, and a specific type of drum washing machine is taken as an example. The rotating system model of the drum washing machine are built by using super element technology. The complex characteristics value of the rotating system considering the gyroscopic effect are solved by the modal method, and the Campbell diagrams of no-load, eccentric and various load conditions are obtained. The results show that the gyro effect reduces the first critical speed of the rotating system under different working conditions and increases the double critical speed. The critical speed of the rotating system under three different conditions is compared. The minimum critical speed of the rotating system is 1494 r/min under loaded conditions, so the dewatering speed of the rotating system is designed between 0.5 and 0.8 times the minimum critical speed, which is 747 r/min and 1195 r/min. The conclusions provide reference and guidance for the safety design of the rotating system of the drum washing machine.

The flip beam is the important component of the side-by-side refrigerator, the flip beam seals the gap between the two door bodies in cold storage room avoiding leakage of cooling capacity in it. Excessive or insufficient self-locking force of the flip beam is the typical design defect, excessive self-locking force leads to high resistance during opening or closing the door; insufficient self-locking force leads to a clear gap between the flip beam and the door seal, which increases the risk of cooling capacity leakage. In view of the problem that the insufficient self-locking force of the flip beam of a side-by-side refrigerator, analyzes the kinematics behavior of the articulated shaft in the process of flip beam rotating with the help of simulation software, combines the technical requirement of the compression spring to obtain the original rigidity coefficient. During the optimization process, analyzes the amount of change in self-locking force of the flip beam caused by compression spring with different rigidity coefficient using simulation method, chooses two representative compression springs based on simulation analysis results. Finally, makes the compression spring samples to verify the actual self-locking force effects of flip beam. It is found that the definitive compression spring eliminates the gap between the flip beam and the door seal. At the same time, the user has a good force experience during the left door closing process.