铜铝异种金属焊接技术在家电行业中的应用与发展

doi:10.19784/j.cnki.issn1672-0172.2026.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 系统综述了铜铝异种金属焊接技术在家电行业中的应用背景、技术原理与发展现状。在轻量化、降本增效及“双碳”目标驱动下,“以铝代铜”已成为行业重要趋势,而实现铜铝可靠连接是其关键。分析了钎焊、激光焊、搅拌摩擦焊、超声波焊及电阻焊等主流技术的原理、优势与挑战,指出抑制脆性金属间化合物生成是技术核心。构建了基于家电具体部件（如制冷管路、换热器、电池极耳）核心需求的工艺选型指南,为工程应用提供指导。展望了该技术向工艺复合化、过程智能化及界面主动设计的发展趋势,认为其将对家电产业的资源安全、成本优化与绿色制造起到重要支撑作用。

关键词: 铜/铝焊接, 异种金属, 金属间化合物, 搅拌摩擦焊, 激光焊

Abstract: The application background, technical principle and development status of copper/aluminum dissimilar metal welding technology in the home appliance industry are systematically reviewed. Driven by the goals of lightweight, cost reduction and efficiency increase, and "double carbon", the "substitution of aluminum for copper" has become an important trend in the industry, and the realization of a reliable connection between copper and aluminum is the key. The principles, advantages and challenges of the mainstream technologies such as brazing, laser welding, friction stir welding, ultrasonic welding and resistance welding are analyzed. It is pointed out that inhibiting the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds is the core of the technology. The process selection guide based on the core requirements of specific components of household appliances (such as refrigeration pipelines, heat exchangers, and battery lugs) is constructed to provide guidance for engineering applications. The development trend of this technology towards process compounding, process intelligence and active interface design is prospected, and it is considered that it will play an important supporting role in resource safety, cost optimization and green manufacturing of the home appliance industry.

Key words: Copper aluminum welding, Dissimilar metals, Intermetallic compounds, Friction stir welding, Laser welding

中图分类号:

王伯燕, 张子祺, 杨双, 张宇佳, 王超, 徐传芳, 张长明. 铜铝异种金属焊接技术在家电行业中的应用与发展[J]. 家电科技, 2026, 0(3): 25-31.

Wang Boyan, Zhang Ziqi, Yang Shuang, Zhang Yujia, Wang Chao, Xu Chuanfang, Zhang Changming. Application and development of copper aluminum dissimilar metal welding technology in the household appliances industry[J]. Journal of Appliance Science & Technology, 2026, 0(3): 25-31.

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