关键词: 智能坐便器, 电器安全, 接地措施, 界面电阻

Abstract: Conducts research on the earthing safety of smart toilets, focusing on the effectiveness of earthing measures for two types of structures: metal-sheathed and ceramic heating elements. Results show that metal-sheathed heating elements adopt direct metal earthing with low earthing resistance and high safety reliability. Ceramic heating elements cannot be directly earthed due to their insulating ceramic shells, and fault current has to be discharged indirectly through the water path and earthing metal parts. Their safety highly depends on the position of earthing metal parts, the contact area with water, and interface resistance. Through theoretical modeling and case calculations, it is clarified that positioning the earthing metal at the midpoint of the water path, increasing the contact area, and adopting tubular structures can significantly reduce leakage current. In light of the requirements of the GB/T 4706.53—2024 standard, analyzes key issues related to the earthing of ceramic heating elements and provides optimization suggestions for product design.

Key words: Smart toilets, Electrical appliance safety, Provision for earthing, Interface resistance