基于全链条风险评估的R290家用空调安全等级量化研究

doi:10.19784/j.cnki.issn1672-0172.2026.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： R290作为A3级可燃制冷剂,其在家用空调推广中面临泄漏燃爆风险。为系统评估不同产品的全链条风险水平,采用风险评估量化方法,对分体式、移动式、窗式、马鞍机及间冷单元机五类产品进行量化分级。结果表明：间冷单元机（2.00）与马鞍机（2.65）属低风险;窗式空调（5.61）与移动空调（6.36）属中风险;分体式空调（7.56）属高风险。充注量敏感性分析显示,分体式空调对充注量变化最为敏感,增幅达57%;移动空调与窗式空调次之,增幅分别为38%和45%;马鞍机与间冷单元机因制冷剂回路完全置于室外,室内燃爆风险不随充注量变化。为R290家用空调全链条风险防控及其安全推广提供参考。

关键词: 泄漏燃爆, 家用空调, 风险指数, 风险分级

Abstract: R290, as an A3 classified flammable refrigerant, faces risks of leakage and combustion during its promotion in household air conditioners. To systematically evaluate the full-chain risk levels of different products, a risk assessment quantification method was adopted to quantitatively grade five types of products: split-type, portable, window-type, saddle-type, and indirect cooling unit. The results indicate that indirect cooling units (2.00) and saddle-type units (2.65) are classified as low-risk; window-type air conditioners (5.61) and portable air conditioners (6.36) are classified as medium-risk; split-type air conditioners (7.56) are classified as high-risk. Sensitivity analysis of refrigerant charge shows that split-type air conditioners are the most sensitive to changes in refrigerant charge, with an increase of 57%; portable and window-type air conditioners follow, with increases of 38% and 45%, respectively; saddle-type units and indirect cooling units, due to their refrigerant circuits being entirely placed outdoors, show no variation in indoor combustion risk with changes in refrigerant charge. This provides a reference for the full-chain risk prevention and control and safe promotion of R290 household air conditioners.

Key words: R290, Leakage and explosion, Household air conditioners, Risk index, Risk grading

中图分类号:

柴浩雁, 马国远, 聂俊瑞. 基于全链条风险评估的R290家用空调安全等级量化研究[J]. 家电科技, 2026, 0(3): 54-59.

Chai Haoyan, Ma Guoyuan, Nie Junrui. Quantitative study on the safety level of R290 household air conditioners based on full-chain risk assessment[J]. Journal of Appliance Science & Technology, 2026, 0(3): 54-59.

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